Richard Wayne Penniman (December 5, 1932 – May 9, 2020), better known as Little Richard , was an American singer, songwriter, and musician. An influential figure in popular music , Richard's most celebrated work dates from the mid-1950s, when his dynamic music and charismatic showmanship laid the foundation for rock and roll , leading him to be given the nickname " The Innovator, The Originator, and The Architect of Rock and Roll ". Characterized by his frenetic piano playing and raspy singing voice, Richard's music also played a key role in the formation of other popular music genres, including soul and funk . He influenced numerous singers and musicians across musical genres from rock to hip hop , and his music helped shape rhythm and blues for generations to come.